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| Name | | Kremlin in the old days |
| Price, USD | | Contact Seller / Artist |
| Status | | For sale, check |
| Seller | | Russian Art Gallery |
| Size, cm
| | 80.0 x 55.0 cm /switch |
| Artist | | DMITRY BELYUKIN |
| Year made | | 2000-01-01 |
| Edition | | Original |
| Style | |
Realism |
| Theme | |
Architecture |
| Media | |
Oil on canvas |
| Collection | |
History of Russia |
| Golden names of Russia 2 |
| Description | |
First tribes appeared on the territory of the future Moscow in the neolitic epoch. The oldest settlments, dated as three thousands years before our era, were discovered within the area of the present-day city.
In the second half of the first millenia of our era slavic tribes occupied areas near Moscow, these were "vjatichi", who are regarded as a kernel of the future Moscow population.
The reference to a Moscow, as to a town, is registrated in the old manuscript of 1147. In 1156, prince Yury Dolgoruky erected timber walls around Moscow with a moat. He is frequently regarded as a founder of Moscow, and his monument is among the most honored in Moscow.
Tatar-mongolian invasion in 1237-38 produced a great destruction of Moscow. However, Moscow recovered rather rapidly (in the second half of 13 century), and became capital of the independent Moscow principality.
During the 14 and the first half of 15 centuries Moscow was a relativly large city with big industrial/trade population.
In the end of 15th century, during Ivan III princing, Moscow becomes a capital of Russia. Moscow Kremlin, that was built in the beginning of the 15 century, is a benchmark of that epoch. For the purpose of improving the defence of Moscow and of its inhabitants, a number of defence buildings and big closters, like Novodevichy - from south-west, Donskoy and Danilovsky - from south, Simonov and Novospassky - from south-east and Andronnikov - from the east, were constructed.
Development of commerce and trade served impetus for new advance in the science and arts. So, a number of fundamental manuscripts (like "Domostroy", "Stoglav"), great architectural buildings (like "Kremlin" and "Pokrovsky chirch") and the first Russian printed book - "Apostol" by Ivan Feodorov were created.
Moscow has been attacked by Polish-Lithunian army in 17th century and was conquered by them. Then salesman Minin and prince Pozharsky organized people's militia, and Moscow was liberated in 1612.
During the reign of Peter the First, arts and science in Moscow, and in Russia in whole, progressed strongly. In 1755 Moscow University was opened, in 1703 the first printed newspaper ("Vedomosti") appeared.
Moscow architecture reached its peak level of perfection in the second half of 18th century due to advanced Russian architects V.I.Bazhenov (Pashkov's house), M.F.Kazakov (Senat bilding).
In 19th century Moscow remains an importantly political, govermental and economical centre. During French innvasion Napoleon said: "If I'll capture Kiev, I'll take Russia by it's feet, if I'll capture Petersburg, I'll take it by it's head and if I'll capture Moscow, I'll destroy it's heart".
Folk army has been organized in 1812 to withstand the French invasion, and a famous Borodino battle took place in August not far from Moscow. This battle is thought to be a prerequisite for the victory in the War, although the battle itself was more a failure than a victory. Moscow was left to Napoleon's troops, but before that it was burnt by moscovites almost entirely. Fires and hunger compelled the French army to leave Moscow, where the Russian army entered very soon - in October. After the liberation of the city a commission was authoritized for Moscow reconstruction after the fire, and talented architects were its members (Beauve, Grigoriev). |
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